Car chips alter the airflow or inlet air temperature data being fed to computer. Then the computer alters fuel flow in response, which for some vehicles (perhaps) will improve performance or economy.
Have every doubt that they would benefit the Prius. It seems to strive harder than any other vehicle to maintain the air/fuel ratio at the most efficient. Something like 14.7 on a mass basis. But that is what Prius *does*. The electric motors and transmission design assist substantially towards that goal. The result is both efficient conversion of gasoline to go, and unusually low pollutant emissions.
I doubt that a brief use of such a thing would damage the car. Maybe you'd get an error code, or eventually overheat the catalytic converter perhaps.
Ron if your Prius is not performing up to your expectations, please tell us how you use it, and you'll get *all sorts* of advice
DAS