I've looked at several parts catalogs and never seen a listing for a replacement fuel filter (nor a PCV valve for that matter). Do our cars have these common service parts, or are they rare/unique items that you can only get from the dealer?

The simplest, safest, most practical approach is through your dealerships part department, both for performance and compatibility of fit.

Just doing a quick read through the Maintenance Main and Sub items, I don't see mention of either.

Looking through my Service Manual:

The fuel filter is a very specific item, in the fuel tank, requiring fuel tank removal for access. Definitely not something to do on a whim

The PCV valve looks to hide under the air intake system. I think it would be relatively straightforward and worthwhile to simply remove it, clean with carburetor cleaner and reinstall. There's really nothing to these: just a ball bearing with a backing spring in a plastic cylinder. If the tube isn't cracked a cleaning out of gum (if there is any) is as good as replacement.

Addendum:

I've not looked at the PCV valve on our current HCHII, but if it's anything like those I've seen in past cars, it's as I described above. In my experience the weak link was not so much the valve itself, but the grommet it pushed in to. It's rubber, and prone to drying/cracking, so that air can leak by. That item is more likely to need replacment.

It's listed with the CVT tranny filter in the parts catalog (that is, nonexistent, for our purposes). No wonder I need a can of seafoam in the gas tank very so often.