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Originally Posted by GeekGal
I didn't notice any changes in the vehicle's FE or driving characteristics but the manual did say to drive it a bit after reconnecting so it could "relearn" various things.
The Ford Mustang forums which I occasionally follow since my brother and father have new Mustangs also refer to this 1k to 3k learning and improved fuel economy behavior in their vehicles. I'm no mechanic but it was something about the vehicles running "rich" for the first 1k-3k miles, and after that break-in running less so resulting in some MPG gains.
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I believe that the only parameters that the powertrain relearns after you disconnect the 12V power are to support the Onboard Diagnostic monitors:
http://www.obdii.com/drivecycleford.html
Your engine will operate slightly differently as the OBD II systems verifies that all emision control systems are within specification.
I do not believe that an automaker includes any software features that would significantly impact fuel economy, and corresponding emissions; and cause/force these levels to vary between vehicle based upon driver behavior. If a vehicle were to ever get pulled in for a in-use emissions test, the automaker would want to be confident that the test results wouldn't have degraded anymore than could be accounted for due to physical wear.
Speaking of physical wear, I believe that is the first reason people are seeing increased MPG and EV range. Besides lower friction losses in the engine, the drivetrain wears in as well, making it easier to propel the vehicle and thus requiring less power.
The other reason is that there is 'learning' going on; but instead of your car learning about how you drive, you are learning how to drive it better. :^)