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Originally Posted by jkyu99
If I understand, if I remove the battery from the FOB, I can still get into the car by placing the FOB near the door handle too. And then I can start the car by just placing the FOB near the START/STOP button.
That would suggest the battery is to extend the range and to control all the other buttons on the FOB.
Is that correct? 
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Kind of correct! There are three independent keys in the fob:
1) There is a 2 way RF active communications, which is the main "key". When your hand touches either front door handle (on the inside part of the handle), or the trunk lid switch, the car senses your hand and transmits a wake up call to the key. The key then turns on its transmitter to send its ID. If correct, the door will unlock. Similarly, when you push the Power button, a signal is sent to the key for the ID again to insure it is OK to start. Very little power is needed to keep the key listening for the ID request signal, and the transmit bursts and power levels are short enough to keep the fob battery drain quite low. However, it is an always active RF device which can interfere with other very close radio devices, such as a Bluetooth cell phone which is only inches away from the fob (such as when both are in the same purse or pocket). Such a cell phone can interfere with the fob's ability to hear the ID request signal. These request signals and replies work over a range of about 3 feet, and there are 4 separate transmitters in the car: at each front door, the trunk lid, and in the center console.
2) There is a passive RFID tag chip in the fob. It works similar to the RF active chip, except the radio signal from the car (right next to the power button) has enough RF energy to power the RFID chip enough for it to send back its ID. Think of the ID as written on a mirror. Shine a light on the mirror, and the ID gets reflected back! That is analogous to how the RFID chip works. Many cars have this chip in the otherwise mechanical key, buried in the plastic casing at the top of the key. This only works at very close range, but requires no battery.
3) There is the mechanical key slid into the fob which can unlock the car door only.
A more complex, but important subject which I will skip here is how the ID of both the transmitter and the RFID are protected with encryption that makes it very difficult for anyone to eavesdrop to learn your ID and duplicate your key.
-- Alan