There is the general flashing at oncoming traffic that appears to, or did forget to change to low beam when driving. Guilty of leaving them on myself on some long trips down empty back roads, but the flashing to pass I have not found much in my experience. If I have had someone flash thier lights, they would pull up beside me, tempting me to race. This happened much more often in my previous car ... a RX-7. An interesting piece of information about this car related to this subject. There are two lenses i know for sure on the 86-91 models that are very commonly known as Flash-To-Pass lenses you can buy with or with out additional daytime running lamps, the flash actually comes from the high beam when the flip up headlights are down.
http://www.mazdatrix.com/n-1a.htm
I have always thought it was common knowledge to signal semi trucks to let them know they are clear to pull back over and I have found that most of them will give you the thank you flash in return as others had said. I have done this many times especially when I am keeping right conserving fuel/obeying speed limits.
Yes, people will flash their lights to inform you of a speed trap, and in most places they will consider it illegal because, imho, a speed trap is set up more for making some extra money more than safety issues. We have a few towns on our highways that take the speeds down from 65 to 35 within 100 - 200 yards. if you are distracted or don't know the area, they get you. The town looks really nice and the roads are always nicely paved, but the town is less than a mile wide lol. I cannot remember how many people and amount of money one officer brought in, but he was well known in central florida for those who traveled north on 441 from Orlando to Gainesville

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Although there will always be ignorant people who use anything to exhibit thier anger, most people are reasonable and will use thier high-beams sparingly. I know why you started this post, I have read the thread where someone was getting heated and seemed to misunderstand the whole issue and became slanderous. I don't know much I just signed up yesterday, but from what i have read this person sounds like a 'troll' lol you never know though, some other factors in thier life may have made them a little testy, but didn't they drive a sub-10mpg vehicle anyway? Interesting place for them to be, hope they can learn something and change thier views and possibly thier vehicle!!! My old 7.6L big block had about the same mileage
everyone have a great day and happy holidays!!!